Paraiyan (Christian traditions) in India


Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian *
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge
* Data can be from various sources including official census, agencies, and local research. Data from these sources can sometimes differ even by orders of magnitude. Joshua Project attempts to present a conservative, balanced estimate.

Subgroups: 17 (10 largest shown)  Show all

Subgroup Name Population
Chakkali 12,000
Param 12,000
Pullanji 12,000
Amma 6,200
Katti 6,100
Koliyan 6,100
Sozhia 6,100
Padiparayan 3,000
Vemparayan 3,000
Natuvili 2,000

Introduction / History

The Paraiyan people, also known as Parayan or Christian Adi Dravida, primarily speak Tamil, the dominant language of Tamil Nadu and surrounding regions. Historically, the Paraiyan community has been part of the Dalit caste and faced significant social exclusion.Christian missionary efforts, especially during the colonial period, led many Paraiyans to convert to Christianity, seeking dignity, education, and spiritual renewal. Today, they form a distinct Christian tradition within the broader Paraiyan ethnic group.


What Are Their Lives Like?

Paraiyan Christians often live in rural and semi-urban areas of southern India. Many work in agriculture, manual labor, or government jobs secured through affirmative action. Education levels are improving, and younger generations are increasingly pursuing higher education and professional careers. Despite progress, many still face social stigma and economic challenges due to their caste background. Community life is strong, with churches often serving as centers for both spiritual and social support.


What Are Their Beliefs?

The majority of Paraiyan Christians are affiliated with Roman Catholic and Protestant denominations. Their faith is expressed through regular church attendance, prayer meetings, and participation in Christian festivals. The Bible is available in Tamil, and many churches offer discipleship programs and youth ministries. While their Christian identity is strong, some cultural practices and beliefs from their pre-Christian past may still influence their worldview.


What Are Their Needs?

Continued discipleship and biblical literacy are needed to deepen their faith. Training for pastors and lay leaders is essential to strengthen local churches.Paraiyan Christians need economic empowerment. Many families need access to sustainable livelihoods and vocational training. This will involve scholarships and mentoring for students, which can help break cycles of poverty.


Prayer Items

Pray for spiritual revival and a deeper understanding of the gospel among Paraiyan Christians.Ask God to raise up strong, biblically grounded leaders within their communities.Pray for economic opportunities and educational advancement for Paraiyan youth.Intercede for healing from caste-based wounds and for unity in the body of Christ.Pray for boldness in sharing the gospel with neighboring unreached groups.


Scripture Prayers for the Paraiyan (Christian traditions) in India.


References

AI generated by CopilotPeopleGroups.org: ParayanHistorical records of Christian missions in Tamil Nadu


Profile Source:   Joshua Project  

People Name General Paraiyan (Christian traditions)
People Name in Country Paraiyan (Christian traditions)
Alternate Names Christian Adi Dravida; Parayan; Parayan Christian; Samban; Sambava; Sambavan; Sambavar Christian; Veppur Parayan
Population this Country 795,000
Population all Countries 812,000
Total Countries 2
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale Progress Gauge
Unreached No
Frontier People Group No
Pioneer Workers Needed
PeopleID3 21605
ROP3 Code 118399
Affinity Bloc South Asian Peoples
People Cluster South Asia Christian
People Group Paraiyan (Christian traditions)
Ethnic Code CNN25
Total Subgroups 17 (only 15 largest shown)
  Chakkali 12,000
  Param 12,000
  Pullanji 12,000
  Amma 6,200
  Katti 6,100
  Koliyan 6,100
  Sozhia 6,100
  Padiparayan 3,000
  Vemparayan 3,000
  Natuvili 2,000
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States on file 23
Largest States
(only 15 largest shown)
Tamil Nadu
636,000
Kerala
132,000
Puducherry
15,000
Maharashtra
5,100
Andhra Pradesh
2,400
Telangana
1,300
Delhi
1,100
Karnataka
800
Madhya Pradesh
200
Gujarat
200
West Bengal
200
Andaman and Nicobar
100
Chhattisgarh
100
Odisha
90
Chandigarh
90
Districts Interactive map, listing and data download
Specialized Website South Asia Peoples
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States 23  (only 20 largest shown)
  Tamil Nadu 636,000
  Kerala 132,000
  Puducherry 15,000
  Maharashtra 5,100
  Andhra Pradesh 2,400
  Telangana 1,300
  Delhi 1,100
  Karnataka 800
  Madhya Pradesh 200
  Gujarat 200
  West Bengal 200
  Andaman and Nicobar 100
  Chhattisgarh 100
  Odisha 90
  Chandigarh 90
Website South Asia Peoples
Primary Religion: Christianity
Major Religion Estimated Percent *
Buddhism
0.00 %
Christianity
100.00 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
0.00 %
Islam
0.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.00 %
Unknown
0.00 %
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.
Primary Language Tamil (655,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Written / Published Yes   ScriptSource Listing
Total Languages 7
Secondary Languages
Malayalam
123,000
English
1,700
Konkani, Goan
900
Telugu
300
Kannada
200
Tulu
40
Primary Language Tamil (655,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Total Languages 7
Secondary Languages
  Malayalam 123,000
  English 1,700
  Konkani, Goan 900
  Telugu 300
  Kannada 200
  Tulu 40
People Groups Speaking Tamil

Primary Language:  Tamil

Bible Translation Status  (Years)
Bible-Portions Yes  (1714-1956)
Bible-New Testament Yes  (1715-1998)
Bible-Complete Yes  (1727-2024)
FCBH NT (www.bible.is) Online
YouVersion NT (www.bible.com) Online
Possible Print Bibles
Amazon
World Bibles
Forum Bible Agencies
National Bible Societies
World Bible Finder
Virtual Storehouse
Resource Type Resource Name Source
Audio Recordings Audio Bible teaching Global Recordings Network
Audio Recordings General Ministry Resources General / Other
Audio Recordings Love letter to you from scripture Father's Love Letter
Audio Recordings Online Audio Scripture Talking Bibles
Audio Recordings Recorded oral Bible Oral Bibles
Film / Video Following Jesus video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video God's Story video God's Story
Film / Video Indigitube.tv Video / Animation Create International
Film / Video Jesus Film: view in Tamil Jesus Film Project
Film / Video LUMO film of Gospels Bible Media Group/LUMO
Film / Video Magdalena video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video My Last Day video, anime Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Rivka video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Story of Jesus for Children Jesus Film Project
Film / Video World Christian Videos World Christian Videos
General Bible for Children Bible for Children
General Bible in text or audio or video Internet Publishing Sevice
General Bible in text or audio or video South Asia Bibles
General Biblical answers to your questions Got Questions Ministry
General Comprehensive list of Tamil Resources General / Other
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Gospel website in this language General / Other
General Scripture Earth Gospel resources links Scripture Earth
General Voice of the Martyrs resources Voice of the Martyrs
General YouVersion Bible versions in text and/or audio YouVersion Bibles
General Zume Resources Zume Project
General Zume Training Zume Project
Mobile App Android Bible app: Pastors Study Bible Tamil Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App Android Bible App: Tamil Bible (தமிழ் பைபிள்) Indian Revised Version (IRV) Operation Agape
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil Study Bible Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible Radio app: Tamil Bible Radio Shalom Design S2dio
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app from Google Play Store Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App iOS Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App iOS Bible Radio App: Tamil Bible Radio iOS Revive India
Text / Printed Matter Children and youth resources One Hope
Text / Printed Matter Literacy primer for Tamil Literacy & Evangelism International
Text / Printed Matter tools for gospel conversations Cru
Text / Printed Matter Topical Scripture booklets and Bible studies World Missionary Press
Map Source People Group data: Omid. Map geography: UNESCO / GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project  
Profile Source Joshua Project 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.