So'a in Indonesia

The So'a have only been reported in Indonesia
Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge

Introduction / History

The So'a people live in central Flores, Indonesia, and speak the So'a language. Their community is part of the wider Flores cultural mosaic, which has been shaped by centuries of migration, trade, and missionary activity. Historically, the So'a were animists, practicing ancestor veneration and local rituals tied to agriculture and community life. With the arrival of Catholic and Protestant missionaries in the 20th century, Christianity became the dominant faith, though traditional practices have not entirely disappeared. The So'a identity remains closely tied to their language, kinship networks, and agricultural traditions.


What Are Their Lives Like?

The So'a live in rural villages where farming is the primary occupation. Rice, maize, and cassava are staple crops, and livestock such as pigs and chickens are raised for food and ceremonial use. Houses are typically constructed from bamboo and wood, with thatched or tin roofs.

Community life is highly cooperative, with extended families working together in agriculture and social events. Education and healthcare are available but limited, and many young people migrate to urban centers for work or schooling. Despite modernization, traditional ceremonies and oral storytelling remain important aspects of So'a culture.


What Are Their Beliefs?

The majority of the So'a identify as Christians, with Catholicism being the most prominent tradition. Protestant churches also exist, though in smaller numbers. While Christianity is widespread, many So'a continue to blend biblical teachings with older animistic practices, such as rituals for fertility, harvest, and protection from spirits.

This syncretism reflects both the influence of traditional beliefs and the need for deeper discipleship. Evangelical presence is limited, and while many identify as Christian, few have received sustained teaching in Scripture or discipleship training.


What Are Their Needs?

The So'a people need greater access to biblical teaching in their own language to strengthen their faith and reduce syncretism. They need trained local leaders who can disciple believers and guide them toward a deeper understanding of Christianity.

The So'a also need Christian resources such as audio Bibles and contextualized teaching materials to reach oral learners and those with limited literacy. Finally, they need spiritual renewal within their churches, so that Christianity is not only a cultural identity but a living faith that transforms daily life.


Prayer Items

Pray that the So'a will have access to discipleship materials in their heart language, enabling them to grow in faith.
Pray for local pastors and leaders to be equipped to teach Scripture faithfully and resist syncretism.
Pray that the Holy Spirit will bring revival among the So'a, deepening their commitment to Christ.
Pray for missionary partnerships that provide both spiritual and practical support, demonstrating Christ's love in tangible ways. Pray for the So'a Christians to wholeheartedly embrace the great commission, preach the gospel, and make disciples of their people and the world around them.


Scripture Prayers for the So'a in Indonesia.


References

Pray for Indonesia – Prayer for unreached groups
His Feet International – Unreached People Groups in Indonesia


Profile Source:   Joshua Project  

People Name General So'a
People Name in Country So'a
Alternate Names Soa
Population this Country 15,000
Population all Countries 15,000
Total Countries 1
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale Progress Gauge
Unreached No
Frontier People Group No
GSEC 1  (per PeopleGroups.org)
Pioneer Workers Needed
PeopleID3 14968
ROP3 Code 109367
Country Indonesia
Region Asia, Southeast
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank Not ranked
Location in Country Nusa Tenggara Timur Province; central Flores island, central Kabupaten Ngada, between Ngad’a [nxg] and Riung [riu] language areas.   Source:  Ethnologue 2016
Country Indonesia
Region Asia, Southeast
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank Not ranked
Location in Country Nusa Tenggara Timur Province; central Flores island, central Kabupaten Ngada, between Ngad’a [nxg] and Riung [riu] language areas..   Source:  Ethnologue 2016
Primary Religion: Christianity
Major Religion Estimated Percent
Buddhism
0.00 %
Christianity
97.00 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
0.00 %
Islam
3.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.00 %
Unknown
0.00 %
Primary Language So'a (15,000 speakers)
Language Code ssq   Ethnologue Listing
Written / Published Unknown
Total Languages 1
Primary Language So'a (15,000 speakers)
Language Code ssq   Ethnologue Listing
Total Languages 1
People Groups Speaking So'a

Primary Language:  So'a

Bible Translation Status:  Translation Started

Resource Type Resource Name Source
None reported  
Photo Source Anonymous 
Map Source Joshua Project / Global Mapping International  
Profile Source Joshua Project 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.