Bharathar (Christian traditions) in Sri Lanka

Introduction / History

The Bharathar Christians of Sri Lanka and southern India primarily speak Tamil, though many are also fluent in Sinhala due to national integration. Historically, they trace their roots to the Paravar community of South India, renowned for maritime trade and pearl diving.

During the 16th century, Portuguese colonial influence brought Catholic missionaries to the region. Large numbers of Bharathars embraced Roman Catholicism under the ministry of figures like St. Francis Xavier, adopting Portuguese surnames and integrating Catholic traditions into their cultural life. Over time, they settled along Sri Lanka's western coast, particularly in Negombo, Colombo, and Mannar, where they became a prosperous merchant and fishing community. Today, their identity reflects a blend of Tamil heritage, Catholic faith, and Sri Lankan cultural assimilation.

What Are Their Lives Like?

Bharathar Christians often live in coastal towns and urban centers. Traditionally engaged in fishing and pearl diving, many have transitioned into trade, business, and professional careers. Education has played a significant role in their upward mobility, with earlier generations benefiting from Jesuit schools in South India and later from Sri Lankan institutions. Family life is close-knit, and community ties remain strong through parish activities and cultural fellowships. Despite modernization, vestiges of their maritime heritage persist in festivals and traditions.

What Are Their Beliefs?

The Bharathar Christians are predominantly Roman Catholic, with their faith deeply rooted in traditions introduced by Portuguese missionaries. Devotion to Mother Mary (Mariya Amma) is central, alongside participation in sacraments and church festivals. While Catholicism shapes their spiritual identity, there is a growing need for biblical discipleship and gospel-centered renewal. Many practice faith as a cultural heritage rather than a personal relationship with Christ.

What Are Their Needs?

Economic instability has heightened the need for job opportunities, affordable food, and healthcare, especially for vulnerable families. Access to higher education and vocational training is crucial for younger generations. Spiritually, there is a pressing need for revival and discipleship within the Catholic tradition, so that faith moves beyond ritual to a living relationship with Jesus Christ. Churches require strong biblical teaching and leadership development to counter nominalism and equip believers for mission. Additionally, Christian communities face subtle social discrimination and limited influence in public life, which calls for encouragement and resilience.

Prayer Points

Ask the Lord to raise up Bible-teaching leaders who will guide this community into deeper understanding of the gospel.
Intercede for spiritual renewal, that cultural Christianity would give way to vibrant faith in Christ and active participation in the Great Commission.
Pray for unity and courage among Bharathar Christians as they navigate social challenges and seek to be a light in Sri Lanka and southern India.
Lift up the next generation, that they would embrace Christ personally and become part of the global discipleship force.

Text Source:   Joshua Project